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26 Dekabr, 2024, 25 Jumadul soni, 1446

Buyuk faqih bobomizni bilamizmi?

10.01.2018   4752   4 min.
Buyuk faqih  bobomizni bilamizmi?

Abu Hasan Ali ibn Abu Bakr ibn Abduljalil Alfarg‘oniy Almarg‘inoniy. Bu zot Xalifa Abu Bakr roziyallohu anhuning zurriyotlaridan. Imom 511 hijriy sanada 8 rajab oyining dushanba kuni asr namozidan keyin tug‘ilgan. Imom rahmatullohi alayh ilmli oilada tug‘ilib voyaga yetgan, otasi va bobosi (ona tarafdan), Umar ibn Habibdan yoshligidan fiqh, ixtilofli masalalarni o‘rgana boshlaydi. Hadis ilmini Said ibn As’ad Marg‘inoniydan ta’lim olib so‘ngra ilm talabida Marv, Buxoro, Nasaf kabi shaharlarga safarga chiqqanlar. Imom ko‘p ibodat qiluvchi, alloma, faqih, usuliy (usulul fiqh fanini mukammal biluvchi), siqa (ahli hadis nazdida ishonchli olim), edi.

Ulamoning imom haqida aytgan so‘zlari

Zar qadrini zargar biladi deganidek, o‘z davrining yetuk, ko‘zga ko‘ringan ulamolari “Faqih”, “Qozixon” nomi bilan mashhur Hasan ibn Mansur, “Itobiy” deb tanilgan Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Umar “Muhiyt”, “Zahira” kitoblarining muallifi Mahmud ibn Ahmad ibn Abdulazizlar imom haqida juda iliq fikrlarni bildirishgan. Ulardan alloma Anvarshoh Kashmiriy “Imomning fiqhdagi martabasiga mingta faqih yetolmaydi”, degan.

Islom olamiga “Siyar a’lam an nubala’” asari bilan tanilgan mashhur tarixchi imom Zahabiy aytadi: “Alloma, Movarounnahr olimi, Burhoniddin Abulhasan Ali ibn Abu Bakr ilmning o‘chog‘i edi, Alloh uni rahmat qilsin. Imom hanafiy mazhabida masalalarni istinbot qilishda, dalillar keltirishda ustozlaridan o‘zib ketgandi, ayniqsa, hidoya asarini yozganidan keyin”.

Ustozlari
Imom ilm olishga juda tashna edi, o‘zlari haqida shunday deydi: “Men ilmni to‘xtatmasdan, uzluksiz talab qilganim uchun sheriklarimdan o‘zib ketdim”. Ustozlari haqida “Mashoyixatul fuqaho” asarini yozgan, hanafiy mazhabidagi o‘ttizga yaqin olimlarni sanab o‘tgan edi. Ulardan ba’zilarini zikr qilamiz:

Otasi Abu Bakr ibn Abdujalil:

Bobosi Umar ibn Habib Abu Hafs qozi imom (bu kishi Imom Saraxsiyning shogirdi);
Ahmad ibn Abdurrashid ibn Husayn Qavomiddin Buxoriy;

Ahmad ibn Abdulaziz ibn Moza as-Sadr as-Sayyid (undan fiqhni o‘rgangan);
Ahmad ibn Muhammad Abu Lays Nasafiy as-Samarqandiy;
Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abdulaziz Marg‘inoniy (Sunani Termiziyni ta’lim olgan);
Ziyod ibn Ilyos Abuma’alii Zohiriddin (bu kishi Farg‘onadagi eng katta shayxlardan bo‘lgan).

Shogirdlari
Imom juda ham ko‘p shogirdlar qoldirgan, shogirdlari ham o‘z davrida hanafiy mazhabining katta ulamolari bo‘lib yetishgan, ulardan ba’zilarini zikr qilamiz:

O‘g‘li Imodiddin Ali ibn Abi Bakr al Marg‘inoniy, bu kishi “al Fusul al Imadiyya” degan kitobni ta’lif qilgan;

o‘g‘li Umar Abu Hafs Nizomiddin. “Javohir al fiqh” kitobi muallifi;
o‘g‘li Muhammad Jaloliddin Abul Fath.

Uchalovi ham otasidek olim bo‘lgan.

Muhammad ibn Abdusattor ibn Muhammad al I’modiy;

Burhonul islom Zarnujiy. “Ta’lim muta’llim” kitobi  muallifi;

Hasan ibn Ali ibn al Hajjoj. Bulardan ham boshqa ko‘p shogirdlari bo‘lgan.

Kitoblari

  • Imom islom olamiga juda ham ko‘p foydali asarlarni qoldirgan. Ulardan:
  • Bidoyatul Mubtadi’;
  •  Kifoyatul Muntahi. Bu birinchi kitobning sharhi hisoblanadi, 80 jilddan iborat bo‘lgan, ammo bizgacha yetib kelmagan;
  •  Hidoya;
  • U’ddatun Nasiki fi I’ddatil manasik;
  •  Kitab az Ziyadaat;
  • At tanjis val Maziyd;
  • Muntaqo;
  • Muxtorottun Navazil;
  • Mazid fil furu’ al hanafiyya;
  • Mashoyixatul fuqaho. Bu kitobda ustozlari haqida yozgan.


Imom Burhonuddin Marg‘inoniy rahmatullohi alayhiga “Shayxul islom” degan unvon berilgan. U zot 544 yili haj ziyoratiga borgan va Payg‘ambar alayhissalomning qabrlarni ziyorat qilishga muvaffaq bo‘lgan. 593 yil Samarqandda vafot etgan.

 

Toir RO‘ZIYEV,

Navoiy viloyati bosh imom-xatibi.

 

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Yangiliklar

Mesta proroka Ibraxima v islamskix predaniyax

26.12.2024   78   6 min.
Mesta proroka Ibraxima v islamskix predaniyax

Po vsemu Blijnemu Vostoku imeyutsya mesta, kotorie predaniya svyazivayut s prorokom Ibraximom, v tom chisle dom yego detstva, derevo, pod kotorim on vstretilsya s angelami, i yego mogila, soobshayet portal Atlas Islamica.
Rodnoy gorod proroka Ibraxima (mir yemu)
Po dannim izdaniya Islamosfera, mestom rojdeniya proroka Ibraxima (mir yemu) bibleyskiye teksti nazivayut Ur Xaldeyskiy ili Ur-Kasdim. V 1862 godu Genri Roulinson otojdestvil etot gorod s Tell-el-Mukayyarom bliz Nasirii, obichno izvestnim kak Ur na yuge Iraka. Vtoroye mesto, traditsionno schitayusheyesya mestom rojdeniya proroka, naxoditsya v okrestnostyax goroda Urfa (Shanliurfa) na yugo-vostoke sovremennoy Tursii.
Peshera, gde rodilsya prorok Ibraxim (mir yemu)
V komplekse mecheti Mevlid-i Xalil v Shanliurfe v Tursii imeyetsya peshera, v kotoroy, kak glasyat legendi, mat rodila budushego proroka. Ona  pryatala yego tam sem let, potomu chto sar Nimrod velel ubivat vsex novorojdennix malchikov, kotorie mogli bi ugrojat yego vlasti. V peshere imeyetsya istochnik, voda kotorogo schitayetsya selebnoy.
Dom, gde provel detstvo prorok Ibraxim (mir yemu)
V sentre arxeologicheskogo kompleksa drevnego Ura, raspolojennogo v yujnom Irake v provinsii Tell-el-Mukayyar, pokazivayut dom, v kotorom, soglasno legendam, provel detstvo prorok. Dom imeyet pochti treugolnuyu formu i sostoit iz nebolshix komnat, zalov, proxodov, koridorov i arok.
Ozero Balikligyol
Takje izvestnoye kak ozero Xalil-ur-Raxman, eto ozero naxoditsya na yugo-zapade sentra goroda Shanliurfa, ryadom s mechetyami Mevlid-i Xalil i Rizvaniye. Soglasno predaniyam, imenno na etom meste bil razojjen koster, v kotoriy Nimrod brosil proroka Ibraxima (mir yemu). No ogon prevratilsya v ozero, a ugli – v ribu.
Kompleks Xaram al-Ibraxim
Etot kompleks, takje izvestniy kak Peshera Patriarxov ili Grobnitsa Patriarxov, sostoit iz ryada pesher, raspolojennix v samom serdse Starogo goroda Xevrona na yuge Zapadnogo berega v Palestine. Soglasno predaniyam, eto mesto bilo vikupleno Ibraximom (mir yemu) v kachestve mesta zaxoroneniya. Legendi utverjdayut, chto zdes poxoroneni sam prorok, yego jena Sara, sinovya Isxak (mir yemu) s Yakubom (mir yemu) i ix jeni. Takje soglasno nekotorim mestnim predaniyam, v Xaram al-Ibraxim naxodyatsya mogili proroka Yusufa (mir yemu), Adama (mir yemu) i Xavi.
Eto mesto yavlyayetsya svyatim dlya musulman, iudeyev i xristian.
Bir-Saba (Beer-Sheva)
Kak polagayut, etot arxeologicheskiy pamyatnik na yuge Palestini yavlyayetsya ostatkami drevnego goroda Beer-Sheva. Soglasno legendam, Ibraxim (mir yemu) razbil svoy shater i viril kolodes v Bir-Sabe, kotoroye togda bilo pustinnom mestom, schitavshimsya yujnoy granitsey Svyashennoy zemli (Al-Aksi). Zdes, u kolodsa, prorok zaklyuchil dogovor s filistimlyanskim sarem Avimelexom. 
Etot samiy kolodes pokazivayut i seychas nedaleko ot Starogo goroda v Beer-Sheva na okkupirovannoy Izrailem palestinskoy territorii. Arxeologicheskiye issledovaniya pokazali, chto on otnositsya k vizantiyskomu periodu, poetomu utverjdayetsya, chto eto ne originalnoye soorujeniye, a yego analog, postroyenniy na tom je meste. 
Xaran
Gorod Xaran, kotoriy upominayetsya v Biblii, pochti povsemestno otojdestvlyayetsya s Xarranom, gorodom, ruini kotorogo naxodyatsya na territorii sovremennoy Tursii v provinsii Shanliurfa. Soglasno yevreyskim istochnikam, v Xarane poselilsya Ibraxim (mir yemu) so svoyey semey vo vremya sledovaniya iz goroda Ur v Xanaan. Rasskazivayetsya, chto on jil tam do 75 let, prejde chem prodoljit svoy put po poveleniyu Allaxa. 
Mamvriyskiy dub, ili Dub Ibraxima

Eto derevo, kotoroye takje nazivayut dubom Avraama, naxoditsya v dvux kilometrax k yugo-zapadu ot Mamre nedaleko ot Xevrona, na territorii pravoslavnogo monastirya Svyatoy Troitsi. Yego vozrast otsenivayetsya v 5000 let. Kak glasyat predaniya, pod nim prorok Ibraxim (mir yemu) prinimal angelov, kotorie posetili yego s vestyu o rojdenii u nego sina. Dub pochitalsya iudeyami i xristianami na protyajenii soten let, a v IV veke Konstantin postroil vozle nego serkov. Posle postroyki ogradi vokrug duba v 1970-x godax korni dereva bili povrejdeni, i ono nachalo zasixat. Posledniy zeleniy list na nem nablyudali v aprele 1996 goda. No v 1997 godu ot kornya nachal rasti noviy pobeg, kotoriy k nastoyashemu vremeni prevratilsya v kustistoye molodoye derevse.
Oazis al-Asad
Etot oazis, raspolojenniy nedaleko ot aviabazi Al-Asad v provinsii Anbar v Irake, takje nazivayut Oazisom Ibraxima ili Kolodsem Ibragima. Soglasno mestnim predaniyam beduinov, imenno zdes ostanovilsya Ibraxim (mir yemu) i yego semya na puti v Xanaan, kuda yego prizval Allax. Xotya net nikakix dokazatelstv pravdivosti etoy istorii, uchenie govoryat, chto proroku logichno bilo bi sledovat imenno cherez etu mestnost. Na pryamom puti v Palestinu net istochnikov presnoy vodi, poetomu on doljen bil dvigatsya vdol Yevfrata.
Makam Ibraxima – Mesto stoyaniya Ibraxima
Allax prikazal Ibraximu (mir yemu) postroit Kaabu, i prorok vmeste so svoim sinom Ismailom pristupil k rabote. Kogda steni zdaniya podnyalis vishe yego rosta, on podlojil pod nogi bolshoy kamen, chtobi vstat na nego. Na etom kamne, kotoriy seychas mojno uvidet na severnoy storone Kaabi, ostalsya otpechatok nogi Ibraxima (mir yemu). Svyatinyu zakrivayet metallicheskoye ograjdeniye.

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